Chapter 1. Alkenes and alkynes. |
Alkenes: nomenclature, structure and properties. Catalytic hydrogenation. Electrophilic addition reactions. Addition of hydrogen halides, halogens, water, oxymercuration, formation of halohydrins, and hydroboration. Alkene epoxidation and hydroxylation. Oxidative cleavage of alkenes. Radical halogenation. Polymerization.
Alkynes: nomenclature, structure and properties. Preparation by elimination reactions and by using acetylides. Reductions and electrophilic addition reactions. |
Chapter 2. Alkynes |
Alkynes: nomenclature, structure and properties. Synthesis of alkynes. Electrophilic addition and reduction reactions. |
Chapter 4. Benzene and aromaticity |
Aromatic compounds: nomenclature, electronic structure and properties: Hückel rule. Electrophilic aromatic substitution on benzene: halogenaton, nitration, sulfonation and Friedel¡-Crafts reactions. Orientation in the Electrophilic aromatic substitution on benzene derivatives. Reduction of aromatic compounds. Nucleophilic substitution reactions of aryl halides. |
Chapter 5. Aldehydes and ketones |
Nomenclature, structure and properties. Nucleophilic addition reaction: hydration, hemiacetals, ketals, thioketals, imines, enamines and cyanohydrins. Addition of organometallic reagents. The Wittig reaction. Reduction of carbonilyc compounds. Aldehydes and ketones oxidation. |
Chapter 6. Carboxylic acids |
Nomenclature, structure and properties. Nucleophilic substitution at the carboxylic carbon: addition-elimination mechanism. Formation of esters, acyl halides, amides and anhydrides. Reaction of carboxylic acids with organometallic reagents. Reduction of carboxylic acids. |