| Chapter 1. Alkenes and alkynes. |
Alkenes: nomenclature, structure and properties. Catalytic hydrogenation. Electrophilic addition reactions. Addition of hydrogen halides, halogens, water, oxymercuration, formation of halohydrins, and hydroboration. Alkene epoxidation and hydroxylation. Oxidative cleavage of alkenes. Radical halogenation. Polymerization.
Alkynes: nomenclature, structure and properties. Preparation by elimination reactions and by using acetylides. Reductions and electrophilic addition reactions. |
| Chapter 2. Conjugate systems |
Allylic systems: resonant forms, electronic structure and reactivity: radical halogenation and substitution reactions Dienes: electronic structure and reactivity: electrophilic addition. |
| Chapter 3. Benzene and aromaticity |
Aromatic compounds: nomenclature, electronic structure and properties: Hückel rule. Electrophilic aromatic substitution on benzene: halogenaton, nitration, sulfonation and Friedel¡-Crafts reactions. Orientation in the Electrophilic aromatic substitution on benzene derivatives. Reduction of aromatic compounds. Nucleophilic substitution reactions of aryl halides. |
| Chapter 4. Aldehydes and ketones |
Nomenclature, structure and properties. Nucleophilic addition reaction: hydration, hemiacetals, ketals, thioketals, imines, enamines and cyanohydrins. Addition of organometallic reagents. The Wittig reaction. Reduction of carbonilyc compounds. Aldehydes and ketones oxidation. |
Subjects