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Teaching GuideTerm Faculty of Science |
| Grao en Bioloxía |
 Subjects |
| Genetics |
| Contents |
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| Identifying Data | 2019/20 | |||||||||||||
| Subject | Genetics | Code | 610G02019 | |||||||||||
| Study programme |
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| Descriptors | Cycle | Period | Year | Type | Credits | |||||||||
| Graduate | 2nd four-month period |
Second | Obligatory | 6 | ||||||||||
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| Topic | Sub-topic |
| 1. Introduction to Genetics | Definition of Genetics History of Genetics Genetics and other sciences Genetics and society |
| 2. Mendelian Genetics | Mendel’s experiments: mono and dihibrid crosses Concept of geno and phenotype Terms and symbols Pedigree analysis |
| 3. Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance and Sex Determination | Genetic implications of mitosis and meiosis Chromosomal theory of inheritance Sex determination Sex-linked inheritance Sex-limited and sex-influenced traits Gene dosage compensation |
| 4. Extensions of and Deviations from Mendelian Genetic Principles | Modification of dominante relationships Multiple alleles Lethality Penetrance and expressivity Pleiotropy Gene interaction and epistasis Position effect Environmental interactions |
| 5. Genetic Mapping in Eukaryotes | Linkage, recombination and mapping of genes on chromosomes Interference and coincidence Genetic map function: connecting recombination fractions and genetic map distances |
| 6. Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages | Bacterial transformation Bacterial conjugation: plasmids and episomes Generalized and specialized transduction Genetic recombination in bacteriophages. Fine structure of the gene: rII system of phage T4 |
| 7. Extranuclear Inheritance | Maternal effect Maternal inheritance General features of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes Heteroplasmy Infectious heredity |
| 8. Quantitative Genetics |
Quantitative traits Genes and environment Phenotypic distribution and norms of reaction Genetic basis of quantitative traits: Johannsen’s experiment Polygenic inheritance: Nilsson-Ehle’s experiment Heritability |
| 9. Population Genetics | Mendelian population Genetic variation Allele and genotype frequencies Random mating and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Evolutionary forces: mutation, migration, random drift, and selection |
| 10. The Nature of Genetic Material |
Discovery of bacterial transformation DNA as source of genetic information: Hershey & Chase’s experiment RNA as genetic material in viruses Structure and properties of nucleic acids |
| 11. DNA Organization in Chromosomes |
Genome size: the C-value paradox Bacterial chromosomes Eukaryote chromosomes DNA packaging: Nucleosomes and Chromatin Centromeres and Telomeres Lampbrush and polytene chromosomes Karyotype |
| 12. DNA Mutation |
Random and adaptive mutation Mutant types Spontaneous and induced mutation Detecting mutagens: the Ames test |
| 13. Variations in Chromosome Structure |
Deletions Duplications Inversions Translocations Robertsonian fusions/dissociations |
| 14. Variations in Chromosome Number | Euploidy and aneuploidy Monoploidy Polyploidy: Autopolyploidy and Allopolyploidy Aneuploidy: meiotic nondisjunction, monosomy, trisomy Somatic aneuploidy: mitotic nondisjunction, sexual mosaics B chromosomes |
| Teaching labs | Lab 1. GENETIC ANALYSIS IN CORN (Zea mays): INTERACTION AND EPISTASIS. Description of shape and colour of F2 seeds (kernel) obtained from different crosses Hypothesis testing (chi-square) Inference of genotype and phenotype of generations P and F1 Genetic and Biochemistry basis of the observed phenotypes Lab 2. SETTING UP EXPERIMENTS USING Drosophila. Raising and handling Drosophila in the lab Life cycle Analysing fruit flies: distinguishing sex, why isolating virgin females, observation of some mutant phenotypes Lab 3. LINKAGE MAPPING IN D. melanogaster. Reciprocal crosses between wild and three-factor mutant (yellow, white y miniature) Analysis of Offspring (F1) Testcrosses, analysis of offspring (F2) and statistical approach to determine the linkage order and map distances between the three loci on Drosophila chromosomes (calculation of frequencies of recombination, coincidence coefficient and interference) Lab 4. POLYTENE CHROMOSOME OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS OF D. buzzatii. Extraction of larval salivary glands Staining with orcein Identification of polytene chromosomes and the sex of larva Chromosome puffing Lab 5. COMPUTER LAB. Introduction to bioinformatics databases and resources offered through the NCBI Getting familiar with the following databases: PUBMED, BOOKS, TAXONOMY, OMIM. |
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