In order to ensure equal opportunities, on-site and blended students must pass the same tests and answer the same questionnaires, which will be developed through the Moodle platform of the UDC.

Official withdraw from the course is only possible if the student attends neither the final theoretical nor the practical exam. The final grade of the students who did not reach the minimum grade to pass the course in the practical or the objective test, but whose cumulative score happened to be higher than 50, will be a 4.9 (FAILED).

In the second opportunity only those students who did not take the exam in the first one, or who did not pass the minimum grade to pass the subject in the practical questionnaires or in the objective test of theory, will have to take the exam. The grades accumulated in the seminar work and in the oral presentation will be kept for the final grade in this second opportunity. The methodology of evaluation of the theoretical and practical knowledge will be the same as in the first opportunity.

Should any student, for duly justified reasons, be unable to present his seminar work or oral presentation, he may attempt to recover the points lost by answering an additional block of questions and exercises in the objective test that constitutes the official examination of the subject, both in the first and in the second opportunity.

The fraudulent performance of the evaluation tests or activities will directly imply the grade of SUSPENSED (0) in the subject at the corresponding opportunity.

Learning outcomes	Study programme competences
To understand the knowledge of Genetics from a perspective of the eukaryotic chromosome as a structural and dynamic system.	AR2 AR3 AR6 AR11	BR1 BR2 BR3 BR4 BR5 BR6 BR7 BR9	CC1 CC2 CC3 CC4 CC5 CC6 CC7 CC8 CC9
Ability to understand the organization of genes, genomes and chromosomes from a comparative perspective and focusing on the relationship between structural, functional and evolutionary aspects.	AR2 AR3	BR1 BR2 BR3 BR4 BR5 BR6 BR7 BR9	CC1 CC2 CC3 CC4 CC5 CC6 CC7 CC8 CC9
To increase theoretical knowledge in the analysis of the structure, function and evolution of chromosomes in eukaryotic organisms.	AR2 AR3 AR11 AR12	BR1 BR2 BR3 BR4 BR5 BR6 BR7 BR9	CC1 CC2 CC3 CC4 CC5 CC6 CC7 CC8 CC9
Traballar de xeito seguro nun laboratorio de bioloxía e coñecer distintas metodoloxías aplicadas en estudos citoxenéticos.	AR1 AR2 AR3 AR11 AR12	BR1 BR2 BR3 BR4 BR5

Topic	Sub-topic
Block 1.- Structural organization of hereditary material.	Structural organization of hereditary material The hereditary material DNA/RNA. Levels of organization. The eukaryotic chromosome. Chromosomes and chromosomal proteins. Maintenance of chromosome organization from protozoa to the human chromosome.
Block 2. Chromatin and chromosome dynamics	Chromosome dynamics. Control of the cell cycle and mitosis. Euchromatin and heterochromatin. Histone variants and histone code. Chromosomes and function: polytene and lampbrush chromosomes.
Block 3. Chromosomes and evolution.	Karyotypes in different taxa. Comparative analysis. Cytotaxonomic and evolutionary aspects.

Methodologies / tests	Competencies	Ordinary class hours	Student’s personal work hours	Total hours
Introductory activities	A1 A3 B3 B4 B6 C2 C3	1	1	2
Guest lecture / keynote speech	A6 A11 B1 C5 C6 C7	2	14	16
Laboratory practice	A1 A2 A3 A11 A12 B2 C8	1	7	8
ICT practicals	A3 A11 B3 B6 C3	1	5	6
Seminar	A3 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B9 C1 C2 C3 C9	1	11	12
Oral presentation	B1 B4 B5 B6 B7 B9 C1 C2 C3 C9	1	10	11
Objective test	B2 B7 C4 C8	3	12	15

Personalized attention		5	0	5

(*)The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students.

Methodologies	Description
Introductory activities	Teacher - Presents the teaching guide of the subject, the rules of risk prevention and safety in laboratories, documentary sources and bioinformatics resources available for the course. Clarifies doubts and organizes the students for the activities. Student: Takes notes, formulates doubts and questions.
Guest lecture / keynote speech	The professor will transmit theoretical knowledge in lecture sessions through videopresentations, linked to the development of the thematic blocks of the subject. The content of these sessions will be adjusted to the previous knowledge acquired by the students in their undergraduate studies. The lectures will be supported by materials available through the Moodle platform of the UDC.
Laboratory practice	They will include learning methodologies mainly based on chromosomal techniques. A visit to a specialized laboratory will be made. A specific section for laboratory practices will be created in the Moodle UDC platform, which will include guides and documentation of all kinds to facilitate its monitoring and asynchronous development by students.
ICT practicals	Use of computer tools for the study of chromosomal evolution and chromosome organization in the nucleus. As for the laboratory practices, a specific section for the bioinformatics practices will be created in the Moodle UDC platform of the course, in which guides and support material will be included to allow the asynchronous development of the practical exercises.
Seminar	In parallel to the development of the lecture sessions, the teacher will organize the progressive elaboration of a single seminar-dossier by the students, using various telematic work resources through the Moodle platform and the Teams team of the course, with the aim of completing the basic knowledge acquired in the lecture sessions with more specific knowledge. This teaching dynamic will result in the elaboration of a final reference dossier on the subject for the students.
Oral presentation	Referring to the seminar-dossier elaborated jointly by the students. Each student will present, using the Teams UDC platform, a part of the seminar, trying to frame it in the global context of the work elaborated in collaboration with his/her classmates.
Objective test	Final test that will contemplate basic questions on the subject, referred to both the lectures, seminar and practical sessions.

Methodologies	Competencies	Description	Qualification
Laboratory practice	A1 A2 A3 A11 A12 B2 C8	They will include the development of practical situations typical of basic and applied research. The students will answer questionnaires on the practices that will be evaluated. It is necessary to obtain at least 5 points in these questionnaires to pass the subject.	10
Oral presentation	B1 B4 B5 B6 B7 B9 C1 C2 C3 C9	Presentation of the seminar-dossier elaborated during the teaching of the subject by means of explanatory slides, using the Teams UDC platform	15
Seminar	A3 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B9 C1 C2 C3 C9	Elaboration of a written work that the students will present to the professor at the end of the course. Its quality, context in the state of the art and coherence within the framework of the teaching given will be evaluated.	15
Objective test	B2 B7 C4 C8	This test, which constitutes the official examination of the subject, will be individual and cannot be taken in groups. It will allow students to demonstrate their mastery of the theoretical knowledge acquired on basic issues of the subject. It is necessary to obtain at least 25 points in this test to pass the subject.	50
ICT practicals	A3 A11 B3 B6 C3	Students will answer questionnaires on bioinformatics practices, which will be evaluated. It is necessary to obtain at least 5 points in these questionnaires to pass the course	10

Assessment comments
In order to ensure equal opportunities, on-site and blended students must pass the same tests and answer the same questionnaires, which will be developed through the Moodle platform of the UDC. Official withdraw from the course is only possible if the student attends neither the final theoretical nor the practical exam. The final grade of the students who did not reach the minimum grade to pass the course in the practical or the objective test, but whose cumulative score happened to be higher than 50, will be a 4.9 (FAILED). In the second opportunity only those students who did not take the exam in the first one, or who did not pass the minimum grade to pass the subject in the practical questionnaires or in the objective test of theory, will have to take the exam. The grades accumulated in the seminar work and in the oral presentation will be kept for the final grade in this second opportunity. The methodology of evaluation of the theoretical and practical knowledge will be the same as in the first opportunity. Should any student, for duly justified reasons, be unable to present his seminar work or oral presentation, he may attempt to recover the points lost by answering an additional block of questions and exercises in the objective test that constitutes the official examination of the subject, both in the first and in the second opportunity. The fraudulent performance of the evaluation tests or activities will directly imply the grade of SUSPENSED (0) in the subject at the corresponding opportunity.

Basic	Pollard, Thomas D (2017). Cell Biology. Philadelphia: Elsevier Jorde, Lynn B (2021). Genética Médica. Barcelona:Elsevier Pierce, Benjamin A (2020). Genetics: A conceptual approach. New York: Freeman Ruiz-Herrera, Aurora (2021). Mechanisms driving karyotype evolution and genomic architecture. Mdpi AG Bass, Hank W (2012). Plant cytogenetics : genome structure and chromosome function. New York: Springer Choi, Jung H (2017). Solutions and problem-solving manual to accompany: Genetics: a conceptual approach. New York: Freeman Arsham, Marylin S (2017). The AGT cytogenetics laboratory manual. New Jersey: Wiley.Blackwell
	"Mechanisms driving karyotype evolution and genomic architecture" is an open access special issue of Genes, edited by Aurora Ruiz-Herrera and Marta Farré-Belmonte, available through https://www.mdpi.com/journal/genes/special_issues/Genomic_Architecture LIMA-DE-FARIA, A. 2008. Praise of Chromosome "Folly". World Scientific/Imperial College Press. LYNCH, M. 2007. The origins of Genome Architecture. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA. REECE, R.J. 2004. Analysis of Genes and Genomes. Ed. Wiley & Sons. SUMNER, A.T. 2003. Chromosomes: Organization and Function. Blackwell Publishing. VAN HOLDE, K.E. 1988. Chromatin. Springer-Verlag, NY. VERMA, R.S. & BABU, A. 1995. Human Chromosomes: Principles and Techniques.2ª Ed. McGraw-Hill. WEINGARTEN, C.N. 2009. Sex Chromosomes: Genetics, Abnormalities and Disorders. Springer.
Complementary
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