PRACTICAL WORK: Attendance at laboratory practices is mandatory to pass the
subject. For their qualification the attendance and work in practices will be
valued (5/15 points) and the competences acquired by means of an exam of practices
(10/15 points). The assistance may be validated, upon request, by the one already
completed in the immediately preceding course.

REDUCED GROUPS: The attendance and participation in small groups (problem
solving) are valued through the work of the student in the groups, elaboration
of programmed schemes and controls.

QUALIFICATION IN CONTINUOUS EVALUATION: To be able to pass the subject it will
be necessary to reach at least 40% of the score corresponding to the exam
(mixed test with two parts: Enzymology / Metabolism ). From this
value, the scores corresponding to the rest of the activities are added. Below
this value, the maximum score after the sum of the activity scores may not be
greater than 4.

Students who do not attend the tests of the official evaluation period will
have the grade of No Presented.

In July evaluation, the qualifications of the parts passed in the January exam
(Enzymology / Metabolism / Practices) can be kept and the student will present only
to the pending parts.

GLOBAL EVALUATION:

Students who renounce the continuous evaluation must request a global
evaluation at least 15 days before the official date of the call (January /
July). In this evaluation the notes of the activities are not taken into account
and a global exam has to be done (Theory and Practical work). Students with part-time dedication or
exemption of attendance, officially requested in the enrollment, will be
evaluated in this modality.

MH will be distributed preferably among students who meet the requirements
in the evaluation of January.

Learning outcomes	Study programme competences
Understand and describe the mechanisms by which the Enzymes act in biological catalysis. To design, combining and using the methodology of the practical course and theoretical classes, systems to purify and analyse enzymes. To know the importance of the pathways to obtain energy in the biological systems to maintain life. To know the main metabolic pathways in the cell and its regulation. Develop the capability to relate the different metabolic pathways.	A8 A10 A26 A29 A30 A31	B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B7 B10 B11 B13

Topic	Sub-topic
1. Biological Enzymes as catalysts.	Structural features that give them advantages over chemical catalysts. Reaction mechanisms. Antibodies as catalysts. Ribozymes.
2. Kinetics of chemical reactions.	Monosubstrate reactions and Michaelis-Menten kinetics Transformation of the Michaelis- Menten equation. Bisubstrate reaction kinetics. Irreversible inhibitors; binding, examples and applications. Reversible Inhibition: types of inhibition. Kinetics in the presence of inhibitors.
3. Regulation of enzymatic activity.	Importance of regulation in metabolism. Allosteric enzymes. Covalent modification. Isoenzymes. Zymogens or proenzymes.
4. Methodology for determination of enzyme activities.	Direct and indirect assays. Purification of enzymes: specific activity, yield and purification factor. Importance and current applications of enzymology.
5. Introduction to Metabolism.	Anabolic and catabolic pathways. Compartmentalization. Need for coordination and interaction between the different routes, and variability among species. Levels of obtaining energy. Methodology for the study of metabolic pathways. Levels of study.
6. Transport of metabolites across cell membranes.	Types of transport depending on the energy sources. Structural data. Examples with specific metabolites
7. Obtaining chemical energy.	Oxidation reduction in energy production. Coenzymes involved. Generation of ATP: substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthetic phosphorylation and energy production systems. Detailed study of oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthetic phosphorylation.
8: Glycolysis and catabolism of hexoses.	Location of the routes. Stages and pathway regulation. Fermentations. Relationship with the pentose phosphate pathway.
9: TCA cycle	Location of the route. Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Study of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and interaction with other routes. Anaplerotic routes, importance of mitochondrial shuttles and balances.
10. Gluconeogenesis.	Definition and localization, metabolic need for this route. Gluconeogenesis from: pyruvate, lactate, amino acids and triglycerides. Glyoxylate cycle.
11. "Dark Phase" of photosynthesis. Relationship with gluconeogenesis.	The Calvin cycle. Photorespiration. Regulation. The C4 pathway of tropical plants. The crassulacean acid metabolism. Sucrose metabolism and starch.
12. Glycogen metabolism.	The reserve polysaccharide glycogen. Biosynthesis and degradation of muscle and liver glycogen. Regulation. The role of the liver in the maintenance of blood glucose. Congenital anomalies of glycogen metabolism
13. Lipid Metabolism.	Lipid catabolism: lipolysis, beta-oxidation. Biosynthesis of fatty acids, triglycerides, membrane lipids and steroids. Regulation of lipid metabolism. Metabolism of ketone bodies.
14. Metabolism of amino acids.	Digestion and degradation of intracellular proteins. Nitrogen removal of amino acids: transamination, deamination. Urea cycle. Ammonia transport to the liver. Fate of the carbon skeleton of amino acids. Amino acid biosynthesis: origin of nitrogen and carbon skeleton. regulation
15. Derivatives of amino acids.	Amino acid precursor functions: Amines with biological activity, glutathione, porphyrins. Metabolism of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. regulation
16. Integration of metabolism.	Metabolic profiling of major organs. Key connections between routes: glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvate and acetyl CoA. Metabolic adaptations to stress. Fasting, exercise.
17. Hormonal regulation of metabolism.	Hormones as chemical messengers. Second messengers. Metabolic targets of hormone action. Hormone receptors. Adenylate cyclase system. Phospholipase system. Receptor dimerization

Methodologies / tests	Competencies	Ordinary class hours	Student’s personal work hours	Total hours
Guest lecture / keynote speech	A10 B1 B3 B4 B7 B10 B11 B13	24	60	84
Problem solving	A10 A29 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B7 B10 B11 B13	8	16	24
Laboratory practice	A8 A26 A30 A31 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B7 B10 B13	15	22.5	37.5
Mixed objective/subjective test	A8 A10 A26 B2 B3 B7 B13	2	0	2

Personalized attention		2.5	0	2.5

(*)The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students.

Methodologies	Description
Guest lecture / keynote speech	Oral presentation supplemented with the use of media and the introduction of some questions to the students, in order to impart knowledge and facilitate learning. The master class is also known as "conference" , " expository method " or " maxistral lesson." The latter method is usually reserved for a special kind of lesson taught by a teacher in special occasions, containing original preparation involved and based on the use of the word and images as a means of transmission of information to the audience.
Problem solving	Technique by which you have to solve a specific problem situation, from the previous theoretical resources, and may have more than one possible solution.
Laboratory practice	Methodology that allows students actually learn -as through conducting practical activities, such as demonstrations exercises, experiments and research.
Mixed objective/subjective test	Exam that integrates objective test, short questions and resolution of cases and issues.

Methodologies	Competencies	Description	Qualification
Problem solving	A10 A29 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B7 B10 B11 B13	Student´s work in reduced groups and controls.	20
Laboratory practice	A8 A26 A30 A31 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B7 B10 B13	Participation in the clases and exam.	15
Mixed objective/subjective test	A8 A10 A26 B2 B3 B7 B13	The knowledgements aquired by the students in both, the master clases and the problem solving will be evaluated.	65

Assessment comments
PRACTICAL WORK: Attendance at laboratory practices is mandatory to pass the subject. For their qualification the attendance and work in practices will be valued (5/15 points) and the competences acquired by means of an exam of practices (10/15 points). The assistance may be validated, upon request, by the one already completed in the immediately preceding course. REDUCED GROUPS: The attendance and participation in small groups (problem solving) are valued through the work of the student in the groups, elaboration of programmed schemes and controls. QUALIFICATION IN CONTINUOUS EVALUATION: To be able to pass the subject it will be necessary to reach at least 40% of the score corresponding to the exam (mixed test with two parts: Enzymology / Metabolism ). From this value, the scores corresponding to the rest of the activities are added. Below this value, the maximum score after the sum of the activity scores may not be greater than 4. Students who do not attend the tests of the official evaluation period will have the grade of No Presented. In July evaluation, the qualifications of the parts passed in the January exam (Enzymology / Metabolism / Practices) can be kept and the student will present only to the pending parts. GLOBAL EVALUATION: Students who renounce the continuous evaluation must request a global evaluation at least 15 days before the official date of the call (January / July). In this evaluation the notes of the activities are not taken into account and a global exam has to be done (Theory and Practical work). Students with part-time dedication or exemption of attendance, officially requested in the enrollment, will be evaluated in this modality. MH will be distributed preferably among students who meet the requirements in the evaluation of January.

Basic	Stryer, Berg y Tymoczko (2009). Bioquímica 6ª Edn. Reverte Tymoczko, Berg, Stryer (2014). Bioquímica curso básico. Reverté Feduchi, Blasco, Romero y Yáñez (2011). Bioquímica, conceptos esenciales. Panamericana Lehninger, Nelson y Cox (2006). Principios de Bioquímica. Omega
	Others that will be included in the moodle platform.
Complementary	Melo y Cuamatzi (2004). Bioquímica de los procesos metabólicos. Reverté-UAM Xochimilco

Other comments
We inform that to be honored with "matrícula" the best qualifyed students in the first oportunity (January) will have preference. Drinks or food are not allowed in the classroom. We recommend the assistence to the reduced groups and the personal tutorials to increase the student´s succes.