Identifying Data 2023/24
Subject (*) Cytogenetics Code 610G02022
Study programme
Grao en Bioloxía
Descriptors Cycle Period Year Type Credits
Graduate 1st four-month period
Fourth Optional 6
Language
Spanish
Teaching method Face-to-face
Prerequisites
Department Bioloxía
Coordinador
Gonzalez Tizon, Ana Maria
E-mail
ana.gonzalez.tizon@udc.es
Lecturers
,
Gonzalez Tizon, Ana Maria
Martinez Lage, Andres
E-mail
natalia.mallo@udc.es
ana.gonzalez.tizon@udc.es
andres.martinez@udc.es
Web
General description Esta materia estudia a organización, estructura e función dos cromosomas en especies animais e vexetais, o papel das reorganización cromosómicas na evolución e as técnicas para abordar o seu análise.


Study programme competencies
Code Study programme competences
A1 Recoñecer distintos niveis de organización nos sistemas vivos.
A2 Identificar organismos.
A11 Identificar e analizar material de orixe biolóxica e as súas anomalías.
A16 Realizar cultivos celulares e de tecidos.
A26 Deseñar experimentos, obter información e interpretar os resultados.
A29 Impartir coñecementos de Bioloxía.
A30 Manexar adecuadamente instrumentación científica.
A31 Desenvolverse con seguridade nun laboratorio.
B1 Aprender a aprender.
B2 Resolver problemas de forma efectiva.
B3 Aplicar un pensamento crítico, lóxico e creativo.
B5 Traballar en colaboración.
B6 Organizar e planificar o traballo.
B8 Sintetizar a información.
B9 Formarse unha opinión propia.
B10 Exercer a crítica científica.
B11 Debater en público.
B13 Comportarse con ética e responsabilidade social como cidadán e como profesional.

Learning aims
Learning outcomes Study programme competences
Deepen your knowledge of the organization of hereditary material with an evolutionary approach through the study of chromosomes and their variations. A1
A11
A16
A26
A30
A31
B1
B2
B3
B5
B6
B8
B9
B10
B11
Deepen your knowledge of the organization of hereditary material with an evolutionary approach through the study of chromosomes and their variations. A1
A2
A11
A16
A30
A31
B1
B2
B3
B5
B6
B10
B11
To understand the fundamentals involve when learning about chromosome and familiar with the basic methodology employed for the study of chromosomes. Tools for cytogenetics. A1
A2
A11
A16
A30
A31
B1
B2
B3
B5
B6
B11
B13
To understand the fundamentals involve when learning about chromosome and familiar with the basic methodology employed for the study of chromosomes. Tools for cytogenetics. A1
A2
A11
A16
A30
A31
B1
B2
B3
B5
B6
B11
B13
Search and use of different literature and databases that allow carrying out the scientific approach to a topic related to chromosomes sources, organization, function and evolution. Management information sources of interest in cytogenetics. A29
B1
B2
B3
B5
B6
B11
B13

Contents
Topic Sub-topic
Topic 1. Organization and structure of the eukaryotic chromosome O DNA no cromosoma: DNA de copia única, DNA moderadamente repetitivo, DNA altamente repetitivo, secuencias esenciales: CEN, TEL e ARS.
A proteínas cromosómicas: histonas e non histonas. Tipos, modificacións e funcións.
Topic 2. From chromatin to metaphase chromosome Organización da cromatina en interfase: o nucleosoma, a fibra fundamental, os bucles e as SARs.
Os territorios cromosómicos.
Organización do cromosoma en metafase: condensinas e andamio de proteínas non histónicas.
Tipos de cromatina.
O cariotipo.
Topic 3. The longitudinal differentiation of chromosomes O bandeo de cromosomas. Tipos de bandas.
Significado estructural e funcional das bandas.
As isocoras.
Topic 4. Chromosome replication and trancription Ciclo celular e replicación.
Replicación da cromatina e acoplamento das histonas.
A transcripción da fibra de cromatina: eucromatina e heterocromatina.
Os cromosomas plumosos e os cromosomas politénicos.
Topic 5. Mitosis and changes in cell division Características principais da mitosis
Intercambio entre cromátidas
Control da separación de cromátidas irmáns
Topic 6. Meiosis and changes of chromosome behaviour Caracterísiticas principais da meiosis
Complexos sinaptonémicos
Recombinación e nódulos de recombinación
Os quiasmas: frecuencia e distribución
Segregación cromosómica e cromatídica
Topic 7. Chromosome sex determination Sistemas cromosómicos de determinación do sexo
A haplodiploidía.
Heterocromatinización e sexo.
Orixen dos cromosomas sexuais
Topic 8. Structural chromosome changes Delecions: clases e orixen. Consecuencias xenéticas
Duplicacions: clases, oricen, consecuencias e relevancia no proceso evolutivo.
Inversions: clases, orixen, comportamento meiótico, consecuencias e relevancia no proceso evolutivo.
Translocacions: clases, orixen, comportamento meiótico, consecuencias e relevancia no proceso evolutivo.
Topic 9. Poliploydy, haplodiploydy and anepuloydy Orixen, identificación, tipos, comportamento meiótico, consecuencias, e importancia evolutiva.
Os cromosomas B
Amplificación xénica
Topic 10. Methodologies and development of technologies Hibridación in situ fluorescente.
Cariotipos espectrales.
Citometría de fluxo.
Microdisección e microclonación de cromosomas ou bandas cromosómicas.
Laboratory practices 1. Cultivos celulares e obtención de cromosomas metafásicos
2. Inducción de bandas cromosómicas e estudo da actividade NOR
3. Elaboración de cariotipos

Planning
Methodologies / tests Competencies Ordinary class hours Student’s personal work hours Total hours
Guest lecture / keynote speech A1 A2 A11 A16 A26 A29 A30 A31 B1 B2 B3 B5 B6 B8 B9 B10 B11 B13 21 52.5 73.5
Laboratory practice A1 A2 A11 A16 A31 B1 B2 B3 B5 B6 B13 14 28 42
Mixed objective/subjective test B1 B2 B8 B9 B13 1.5 0 1.5
Workbook A26 B1 B2 B5 B6 B8 B13 0 6 6
Practical test: B1 B2 B13 1 0 1
Oral presentation A29 B1 B3 B8 B9 B11 B13 5 17 22
 
Personalized attention 4 0 4
 
(*)The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students.

Methodologies
Methodologies Description
Guest lecture / keynote speech In the lectures, the lecturers will explain the fundamental contents of each subject of the programme and will indicate the associated activities. These will include bibliographic consultation, the resolution of question and problem papers, or the elaboration of a work to be carried out by the student in a group or individually.
Laboratory practice The practical classes will comprise an explanation by the lecturers of the conceptual basis, the objectives to be achieved, the development of tasks by the student, following a previously provided script. The aim is for the student to have maximum autonomy, providing him with the means and guidance.
Mixed objective/subjective test The mixed test will consist of short questions or test-type questions and resolution of exercises and problems.
Workbook The student will read one or two scientific articles to deepen the contents of the syllabus, and will present them orally.
Practical test: The knowledge acquired during the laboratory practicals will be assessed.
Oral presentation It will consist of the presentation of one or two scientific articles, accompanied by a power point presentation, which will later be hosted on the Moodle platform of the subject for consultation by the rest of the students in order to complete the contents of the subject. The presentation will last 10-12 minutes. This activity will be carried out in pairs and both members of the group will share the presentation of the work.

Personalized attention
Methodologies
Practical test:
Workbook
Laboratory practice
Oral presentation
Guest lecture / keynote speech
Description
Throughout the course, the teacher will be available during the hours of interactive lectures, group tutorials / small group and individual tutoring for answering questions, guiding the development of seminars / group work and all matters related to the organization of matter.


Assessment
Methodologies Competencies Description Qualification
Practical test: B1 B2 B13 Se valorará os conocimientos adquiridos durante as prácticas de laboratorio. 15
Laboratory practice A1 A2 A11 A16 A31 B1 B2 B3 B5 B6 B13 Take into account the interest to learn techniques on chromosomes, skill in the laboratory experiments ability to solve chromosomes and the attitude and ability to function in the laboratory. 20
Mixed objective/subjective test B1 B2 B8 B9 B13 Avaliarase mediante unha proba obxectiva os coñecementos adquiridos durante as clases expositivas e as clases en grupo interactivo. 40
Oral presentation A29 B1 B3 B8 B9 B11 B13 Avaliarase a exposición oral e a presentación en power point do traballo realizado polo alumno tendo en conta a capacidade para extraer o más relevante dos artículos científicos empregados, a capacidade de traballar en grupo, a expresión oral e corporal, e a capacidade de síntese. 25
 
Assessment comments

Laboratory practices are mandatory.

It will be considered NOT PRESENTED when the student has not participated in more than 20% of the scheduled assessable activities. This criterion applies to the January call. In the July call, to obtain the grade NOT PRESENTED, it will be enough to not appear for the objective tests (theory and practical exams).

For the evaluation of the July call, the student, in addition to the theory and practical exams, must present the bulletins of solved problems and the power point presentation of the oral presentation. In the event that these last two activities were already evaluated in the January call, the grade obtained will remain for July.

For students with part-time dedication and exemption from attendance, the teacher will adopt the measures that he deems appropriate to avoid damaging her grade (flexibility in the delivery dates of the assessable activities). Instead of the oral presentation, these students will make a 2-3 page summary that must be delivered in pdf to the teacher for evaluation.

The fraudulent performance of tests or assessment activities will directly imply the application of current regulations in the UDC.


Sources of information
Basic Klug WS, Cummings MR (2011). Essentials of Genetics. San Francisco, Pearson
Pierce BA (2011). Fundamentos de Genética, conceptos y relaciones. Buenos Aires, Médica Panamericana
Pierce BA (2008). Genetics, a conceptual approach. New York, Freeman

Teachers will recommend recent scientific articles to prepare and expand the content of the subject. The articles will be hosted on the Moodle platform from the beginning of the course.

Complementary


Recommendations
Subjects that it is recommended to have taken before
Biology: Basic Levels of Organisation of Life I (Cells)/610G02007
Genetics/610G02019
Molecular Genetics/610G02020

Subjects that are recommended to be taken simultaneously

Subjects that continue the syllabus

Other comments

Attendance at lectures makes it possible to deal with any doubts or questions that may arise in the course of the explanations, facilitating the understanding of the subjects. Study should include regular reading of at least the recommended bibliography. Group study and work favours understanding and develops a critical spirit. The doubts and difficulties that arise in any aspect of the subject will be resolved as soon as possible, raising them in the classroom or attending individual tutorials. Given that part of the recommended bibliography for this subject is in English, it is recommended to have a good command of this language, at least at the level of comprehension of written texts.

Gender Perspective

In this subject, the gender perspective will be taken into account, sexist attitudes will not be tolerated and the values of respect and equality will be promoted.


Program Green Campus Empower of Sciences

To help to achieve some sustainable immediate surroundings and fulfil with the point 6 of the Environmental Statement of the faculty of Sciences (2020), the documentary works that realise  in this matter:

to. They will request  mostly in virtual format and computer support

b. To realise  in paper:

-they will not employ  plastic

-will realise  impressions to double expensive

-will employ  paper recycled

-will avoid  the realisation of drafts

To Environmental Statement is available in:

https://ciencias.udc.es/images/Facultade/Green_Campus/Regulamento_Comit%C3%A9_Green_Campus_FCiencias.pdf



(*)The teaching guide is the document in which the URV publishes the information about all its courses. It is a public document and cannot be modified. Only in exceptional cases can it be revised by the competent agent or duly revised so that it is in line with current legislation.