Passing the course requires a minimum of 50 points, and at the same time the condition of obtaining a minimum of 45% of the Mixed Test score and a minimum of 40% in laboratory practices must be met. In the event that the minimum score is not reached in any of them, if the sum of the set is greater than or equal to 50 points, a failing grade will be awarded (4.5 out of 10 points). Since assessment is based on a continuous assessment model, the progression of the students throughout the semester will be specifically evaluated, with a maximum of 1 point that can be added to the final grade. The evaluation cannot be positive if students did not attended all the laboratory classes. The student will not be graded if the participation in activities that contribute to the overall grade is below 25% of the overall activities. The "second chance in July" is understood exclusively as a second chance to take the mixed-test: a second mixed-test is taken, representing 50% of the grade. The grades obtained in the other activities carried out during the course will be added to this grade. The honors will be awarded mainly to students who pass the subject at the first opportunity. It will only be awarded on the "second chance" if your maximum number is not covered on the first opportunity.
Students who qualify for the "Part Time Dedication Recognition and Academic Waiver of Attendance" in accordance with UDC regulations, must attend laboratory practices. The final grade for these students will consist of two parts: the grade obtained in the laboratory practices, which will contribute 20% to the final grade, and the mixed test, which will compute for the remaining 80%. These rating percentages will apply to both opportunities. In the case of exceptional, objectionable and duly justified circumstances, the responsible teacher may totally or partially exempt any student from participating in the continuous assessment process. Students who are in this circumstance must pass a specific exam that leaves no doubt about the achievement of the subject's competences.

Learning outcomes	Study programme competences
Identify the main crystal forms, structures and systems.	A3 A5 A7	B6 B7 B8	C3 C8
Differentiate the main elements of symmetry and their nomenclature.	A5	B4	C3
Recognize the fundamentals of diffraction.	A3 A6 A8		C3 C7 C8
Solve basic crystallography problems.	A3 A5 A7	B7 B8	C3

Topic	Sub-topic
Unit 1. Introduction.	Introduction to the world of crystals and symmetry. Its relevance in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Unit 2. Symmetry elements and operations.	Reflection, proper rotation, identity operation, inversion operation, improper rotation. Schönflies and Hermann-Mauguin notation. Exercises and problems.
Unit 3. Point symmetry groups.	Combination of elements and symmetry operations. Point symmetry groups. Character tables. Applications of point symmetry and group theory to solve simple problems.
Unit 4. Symmetry of crystals (I).	Introduction. Morphology and crystalline forms. Crystal systems. Crystal lattices. Unit cell. Bravais lattices. Miller indexes.
Unit 5. Symmetry of crystals (II).	Interaction of point symmetry and translation. Helical axes and sliding planes. The 230 space groups. Asymmetric unit coordinates, general, equivalent and special positions. Space group tables. Exercises and problems.
Unit 6. Common structures of crystalline solids	Packaging of rigid spheres model. Metal structures. AB structures: NaCl, CsCl, ZnS, NiAs. AB2 structures: TiO2, CaF2. Other structures of interest.
Unit 7. Introduction to X-ray diffraction.	Basic concepts of radiation-matter interaction. Bragg's law. X-ray powder diffractograms and their utility in the study of crystalline solids.

Methodologies / tests	Competencies	Ordinary class hours	Student’s personal work hours	Total hours
Guest lecture / keynote speech	A3 A5 A7 B4 B7 B8 C8	28	42	70
Laboratory practice	A5 A6 A7 A8 B6 B7 B8 C3 C7	12	12	24
Workshop	A5 B6 C7	4	14	18
Mixed objective/subjective test	A3 A5 A7 B4 B7 B8 C8	3	18	21
Objective test	A3 A5 A7 B4 B7 B8 C8	1	0	1
Seminar	A3 A5 C3 C7	3	12	15

Personalized attention		1	0	1

(*)The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students.

Methodologies	Description
Guest lecture / keynote speech	Lectures will be used to deliver the main the contents of each unit of the course, highlighting their most important aspects and paying particular attention to the fundamental concepts and / or those that are most difficult for students to understand. Lectures are interactive sessions, in which students are expected to participate by asking questions and requesting clarification of ideas or concepts.
Laboratory practice	They will focus on the preparation and study of crystalline substances, as well as their characterization by X-ray diffraction, and the interpretation of the results obtained using computer programs. The students will prepare a laboratory notebook in which they will describe the work done in the laboratory and the analysis of the results, as well as the main conclusions.
Workshop	An eminently practical training activity designed with the aim of addressing those aspects of the subject that are most difficult to understand. The work will be carried out individually or in groups under the direction of the teaching staff.
Mixed objective/subjective test	Final exam that will be carried out in the date fixed by the faculty board. Its content will include development and test questions, as well as problem exercises that will be similar to those analyzed throughout the course. Its objective is to obtain an evaluation of the level of knowledge and competences reached by the students, as well as to evaluate their capacity to relate them and to obtain an overview of the subject.
Objective test	Periodically, students will carry out a series of short tests in the problem solving sessions, which will include multiple-choice or short-answer questions. These tests are conceived both for the evaluation of the degree of acquisition of competences and for the consolidation of the contents presented in the lectures. This activity will allow not only to monitor the evolution of the students, but will also serve to detect those aspects of the subject that present a greater difficulty of understanding.
Seminar	These sessions will be dedicated to the resolution of problems and questions by the students, with the guidance of the teaching staff. These problems will be facilitated sequenced over time in accordance with the contents discussed in the lectures, and will be made available to the students with enough time so they can work on them before the corresponding face-to-face session.

Methodologies	Competencies	Description	Qualification
Mixed objective/subjective test	A3 A5 A7 B4 B7 B8 C8	A test containing multiple-choice questions, short- and long-answer questions and problems, which will be similar to those presented throughout the course.	60
Laboratory practice	A5 A6 A7 A8 B6 B7 B8 C3 C7	The following aspects of laboratory work will be evaluated: - Organization of work and safety. - Attitude, scientific curiosity and degree of involvement in work. - Quality in the interpretation of the results. - Quality of the final report (laboratory notebook).	20
Seminar	A3 A5 C3 C7	The responses of the students and their individual or group participation in the corresponding face-to-face activities will be graded. Occasionally, and at the request of the teacher, the student must deliver problem sheets that can also be evaluated.	5
Workshop	A5 B6 C7	The activities carried out in workshops and the quality and frequency of the participation of the students will be evaluated.	5
Objective test	A3 A5 A7 B4 B7 B8 C8	Periodically, students will take a series of short tests, with multiple- answer or short-answer questions, during the seminar sessions. These objective tests are designed both to assess the degree of skill acquisition and to strengthen the contents seen in the lectures. This activity will not only monitor the evolution of the students, but will also serve as a tool to detect those aspects of the course that present a greater difficulty in understanding.	10

Assessment comments
Passing the course requires a minimum of 50 points, and at the same time the condition of obtaining a minimum of 45% of the Mixed Test score and a minimum of 40% in laboratory practices must be met. In the event that the minimum score is not reached in any of them, if the sum of the set is greater than or equal to 50 points, a failing grade will be awarded (4.5 out of 10 points). Since assessment is based on a continuous assessment model, the progression of the students throughout the semester will be specifically evaluated, with a maximum of 1 point that can be added to the final grade. The evaluation cannot be positive if students did not attended all the laboratory classes. The student will not be graded if the participation in activities that contribute to the overall grade is below 25% of the overall activities. The "second chance in July" is understood exclusively as a second chance to take the mixed-test: a second mixed-test is taken, representing 50% of the grade. The grades obtained in the other activities carried out during the course will be added to this grade. The honors will be awarded mainly to students who pass the subject at the first opportunity. It will only be awarded on the "second chance" if your maximum number is not covered on the first opportunity. Students who qualify for the "Part Time Dedication Recognition and Academic Waiver of Attendance" in accordance with UDC regulations, must attend laboratory practices. The final grade for these students will consist of two parts: the grade obtained in the laboratory practices, which will contribute 20% to the final grade, and the mixed test, which will compute for the remaining 80%. These rating percentages will apply to both opportunities. In the case of exceptional, objectionable and duly justified circumstances, the responsible teacher may totally or partially exempt any student from participating in the continuous assessment process. Students who are in this circumstance must pass a specific exam that leaves no doubt about the achievement of the subject's competences.

Basic	Borchardt-Ott, Walter (2011). Crystallography : an introduction . Berlin, Springer Dept. de Cristalografía y Biol. Estruc. , CSIC (2020). Crystalografía. Sands, Donald E. (1974). Introducción a la cristalografía. Barcelona, Reverté Smart, Lesley (2012). Solid state chemistry : an introduction. Boca Raton: CRC Press Kettle, Sidney F.A. (2007). Symmetry and structure readable group theory for chemists. Hoboken: John Wiley Hargittai, István (1995). Symmetry through the eyes of a chemist. New York : Plenum Press

Complementary	Müller, Ulrich (2013). Relaciones de simetría entre estructuras cristalinas : aplicaciones de la teoría de grupos cristalográficos en cristaloquímica. Madrid Giacovazzo, C (2011). Fundamentals of crystallography. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press Huheey, James E. (1997). Química inorgánica : principios de estructura y reactividad, Capítulo 3. México: Harla DAVID J. WILLOCK (2009). Molecular Symmetry. Willey

Other comments
A materia require ter cursado con aproveitamento a materia "Enlace e Estrutura" (610G04005).