Identifying Data 2021/22
Subject (*) Structural Biochemistry Code 610G04019
Study programme
Grao en Nanociencia e Nanotecnoloxía
Descriptors Cycle Period Year Type Credits
Graduate 2nd four-month period
 Second Obligatory 6
Language
Spanish
Teaching method Face-to-face
Prerequisites
Department Bioloxía
Coordinador
Vizoso Vázquez, Ángel José
 E-mail
a.vizoso@udc.es
Lecturers
Barreiro Alonso, Aida Inés
De Castro De Antonio, María Eugenia
Vizoso Vázquez, Ángel José
 E-mail
aida.barreiro@udc.es
m.decastro@udc.es
a.vizoso@udc.es
Web http://www.udc.es/gl/centros_departamentos_servizos/departamentos/departamento/?codigo=D158
General description A asignatura Bioquímica Estructural resulta imprescindible, dende un punto de vista básico, para entender as principais propiedades químicas, biofísicas e estruturais das macromoléculas biolóxicas, e a relación que existe entre estas propiedades e as diversas funcións que desempeñan. Os coñecementos adquiridos resultarán imprescindibles para outras asignaturas do Grao en Nanociencia en Nanotecnoloxía.
Contingency plan 1. Modificacións nos contidos
Non se realizarán cambios
2. Metodoloxías
*Metodoloxías docentes que se manteñen
- Sesión maxistral
- Traballos tutelados (con Atención personalizada) (computa na avaliación) ?
*Metodoloxías docentes que se modifican

(I) No caso de non presencialidade sobrevida causada por gromos da Covid-19:
- A docencia expositiva será presencial pero vía Teams.
- As prácticas de laboratorio, consistirán na visualización de vídeos relacionados cos temas prácticos, a resolución de casos prácticos, e traballo con bases de datos.

(II) No casos nos que se supere o aforo da aula asignada para a materia:
- Disponibilidade de dúas ou máis aulas e a impartición da clase a través de TEAMS para o alumnado que non estea na aula co profesor.
- O número de de sesións por grupo reduciráse e completaráse as horas coa resolución de casos prácticos e traballo con bases de datos.

3. Mecanismos de atención personalizada ao alumnado
–  Correo electrónico: Diariamente. De uso pra facer consultas, solicitar encontros virtuais para resolver dúbidas e facer o seguimento dos traballos tutelados. –  Moodle: Diariamente. Segundo a necesidade do alumando. Dispoñen de “foros temáticos asociados aos módulos” da materia, para formular as consultas necesarias. Tamén hai “foros de actividade específica” para desenvolver as “Discusións dirixidas”, a través das que se se pon en práctica o desenvolvemento de contidos teóricos da materia. ?–  Teams: sesión semanal en pequeno grupo (ate 6 persoas), para o seguimento e apoio na realización dos “traballos tutelados”. Esta dinámica permite facer un seguimento normalizado e axustado as necesidades da aprendizaxe do alumando para desenvolver o traballo da materia. ?

4. Modificacións na avaliación
- Sen modificación nos porcentaxes específicos.
- Os exames serán on-line por Moodle y/o Teams

5. Modificacións da bibliografía ou webgrafía
- Sen modificacións.

Study programme competencies
Code Study programme competences
A3 CE3 - Reconocer y analizar problemas físicos, químicos, matemáticos, biológicos en el ámbito de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, así como plantear respuestas o trabajos adecuados para su resolución, incluyendo el uso de fuentes bibliográficas.
A6 CE6 - Manipular instrumentación y material propios de laboratorios para ensayos físicos, químicos y biológicos en el estudio y análisis de fenómenos en la nanoescala.
A7 CE7 - Interpretar los datos obtenidos mediante medidas experimentales y simulaciones, incluyendo el uso de herramientas informáticas, identificar su significado y relacionarlos con las teorías químicas, físicas o biológicas apropiadas.
A8 CE8 - Aplicar las normas generales de seguridad y funcionamiento de un laboratorio y las normativas específicas para la manipulación de la instrumentación y de los productos y nanomateriales.
B3 CB3 - Que los estudiantes tengan la capacidad de reunir e interpretar datos relevantes (normalmente dentro de su área de estudio) para emitir juicios que incluyan una reflexión sobre temas relevantes de índole social, científica o ética
B4 CB4 - Que los estudiantes puedan transmitir información, ideas, problemas y soluciones a un público tanto especializado como no especializado
B6 CG1 - Aprender a aprender
B7 CG2 - Resolver problemas de forma efectiva.
B8 CG3 - Aplicar un pensamiento crítico, lógico y creativo.
C3 CT3 - Utilizar las herramientas básicas de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) necesarias para el ejercicio de su profesión y para el aprendizaje a lo largo de su vida
C6 CT6 - Adquirir habilidades para la vida y hábitos, rutinas y estilos de vida saludables
C7 CT7 - Desarrollar la capacidad de trabajar en equipos interdisciplinares o transdisciplinares, para ofrecer propuestas que contribuyan a un desarrollo sostenible ambiental, económico, político y social.
C8 CT8 - Valorar la importancia que tiene la investigación, la innovación y el desarrollo tecnológico en el avance socioeconómico y cultural de la sociedad

Learning aims
Learning outcomes Study programme competences
Identify the main biomolecules, their structure and function. A3
 B3
B4
B7
Recognize the principles of enzymology. A3
A7
 B3
B4
B7
 C3
Solve basic structural biochemistry problems. A3
A6
A7
 B3
B4
B6
B7
B8
 C3
C7
C8
Apply the main biochemical techniques for the isolation, purification and characterization of biomolecules. A6
A8
 B3
B4
B8
 C6
C7
C8

Contents
Topic Sub-topic
Module 1. Introduction to Biochemistry
 Concept, origins and evolution of Biomolecules. Functional groups, chemical bonds and stereochemistry. Biomolecules in polar solvents: ionization of water, ionic balance and buffer systems. Thermodynamic processes in biochemistry.
Module 2. Biochemical techniques for the isolation and characterization of biomolecules.
 General aspects of the methodology in biochemistry. The biological material used in biochemistry. Fractional precipitation and centrifugation. Chromatographic, electrophoretic and spectroscopic techniques. Dialysis and ultrafiltration. Radioactivity and isotopic techniques in biochemistry.
Module 3. Structure and function of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins.
 3.1. Structure and function of carbohydrates: Classification. Monosaccharides: description, structure and physical and chemical properties. O-glycosidic bond. Oligosaccharides: nomenclature, description, structure and properties. Polysaccharides. Glycoconjugates: proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids.

3.2. Structure and function of lipids: Type of lipids and functions. Classification, physicochemical properties, structure and biological importance of fatty acids, cerides, glycerides, phosphoglycerides. sphingolipids, terpenes and steroids. Pyrrolic lipids. Cholesterol and derivatives. Lipoproteins. Fat-soluble vitamins.

3.3. Structure and function of nucleic acids: nature and function. Nucleotides, structure and properties. Phosphodiester bond and primary structure of nucleic acids. Watson and Crick model and alternative structures of deoxyribonucleic acids. Types and structure of ribonucleic acids. Complex formation and functionalization. Databases.

3.4. Structure and function of amino acids and proteins: Type of proteins and functions. Structure and properties of two amino acids. Classification. Structuring levels of proteins. Peptide bond. Primary structure and amino acid sequence of proteins. Protein secondary structure: description and prediction. Protein domain and folding concept. Tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins: characteristics and classification. Relationship between structure and function in proteins. Databases and in silico analysis. Protein extraction, purification and characterization techniques. Structural analysis of proteins.
Module 4. Enzymology: Enzymes, enzyme kinetics and enzyme regulation.

 General properties. Classification and nomenclature of enzymes. Effects of catalysts on chemical reactions. Activation energy and transition state. Enzyme cofactors, coenzymes and the role of vitamins. The active site: three-dimensional structure and enzyme-substrate coupling. Enzyme mechanisms. Acid-base, covalent, electrostatic and metal ion catalysis. Proximity and orientation effects. Reaction speed and activation energy: concepts, calculations and units. Units of enzymatic activity. Effect of enzyme concentration. Enzymes used in clinical analysis, in the diagnosis of diseases or as therapeutic agents.

Planning
Methodologies / tests Competencies Ordinary class hours Student’s personal work hours Total hours
Guest lecture / keynote speech B3 B6 B8 C8 28 70 98
Laboratory practice A3 A6 A7 A8 B3 B4 B6 B7 C3 C6 15 5 20
Problem solving A3 A7 B3 B4 B6 B7 C7 C3 6 8 14
Mixed objective/subjective test A3 A7 B3 B4 2 10 12
 
Personalized attention 6 0 6
 
(*)The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students.

Methodologies
Methodologies Description
Guest lecture / keynote speech The topics of the course will be taught by teachers and all presentations or other documentation will be made available to students on the Moodle platform.
Laboratory practice A serie of activities will be conducted in the practical laboratory, so the students will learn how to handle basic scientific instrumental in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Problem solving In Moodle, the students will have a serie of questionnaires, tests practical problems to be solve individually as part of the continuous evaluation. Previously some of them will be solved in the seminar classes that will help the students to understand them.
Mixed objective/subjective test Written test used to evaluate learning, and that can combine different types of questions: multiple choice, association, explanatory or calculation questions and problem solving.

Personalized attention
Methodologies
Problem solving
Laboratory practice
Description
For all students (face-to-face or online), there will be personalized tutorials focused on guidance for problem solving and the study of practical cases, resolution of doubts and clarifications.
The schedule of the tutorials will be specified at the beginning of the course. Students will also be able to request tutorials and solve specific questions via email.

Assessment
Methodologies Competencies Description Qualification
Mixed objective/subjective test A3 A7 B3 B4 Evaluation of the Theoretical knowledge (test, definitions, related issues).
 50
Problem solving A3 A7 B3 B4 B6 B7 C7 C3 Evaluation of the resolution of practical cases. 25
Laboratory practice A3 A6 A7 A8 B3 B4 B6 B7 C3 C6 Laboratory practices are considered a COMPULSORY face-to-face activity to pass the course.
The evaluation will consist of the preparation of a report of practices where the quality of the work, the adequacy in the graphic representation of data, interpretation of results, as well as the ability to discuss will be considered, for which the necessary condition will be considered the use of correct scientific language and verified bibliographic information.
 25
 
Assessment comments
-THE LABORATORY PRACTICES are compulsory. Students who do not complete ALL the practices without a duly justified reason impede the passing of the subject. JUNE OFFICIAL OPPORTUNITY A.- To pass the course it will be necessary to reach 45% of the points, in each of the Parts: Objective Test, Problem Solving and Laboratory Practices. B.-HONOR REGISTRATION: Those students who appear at the first opportunity (official exam in June) will have priority to apply for MH. JULY OFFICIAL OPPORTUNITY A.- To pass the course it will be necessary to reach 45% of the points, in each of the Parts: Objective Test, Problem Solving and Laboratory Practices. Final Qualification, in the Minutes: In any of the 2 Options: June or July, ONLY the qualifications of all the Parties will be added (TEST OBJECTIVE / PROBLEMS / PRACTICES) if all reach 45% of their value. If this percentage is not reached in any of them, only the note of 4. CONSIDERATION OF NOT PRESENTED (NP) will appear in the Minutes: 1st Chance of June: The student who does not appear for the objective test on the official date. 2nd Opportunity in July: A NOT PRESENTED will be applied when the student does not take any of the exams of the evaluable parts. Exceptional cases: Exceptionally, in the event that the student, for duly justified reasons, has not been able to perform all the continuous assessment tests, the teacher/s will take the actions that he/she deems appropriate for this purpose. .-For students with part-time dedication or exemption from attendance, in the June and July session a specific global assessment exam will be carried out.

Sources of information
Basic Mathews CK, Van Holde KE, Appling DR y Anthony-Cahill SJ (2013). Bioquímica, 4ª ed.. Ed. Pearson
Stryer, L., Berg, J.M. y Tymoczko, J.L. (2015). Bioquímica, 7ª ed.. Ed. Reverté
Feduchi, E., Romero, C.S., Yáñez, E., García-Hoz Jiménez, C (2021). Bioquímica. Conceptos esenciales. 3a ed... Editorial Médica Panamericana
David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox. (2018). Lehninger Principios de Bioquímica. 7a ed.. Ed. Omega

Complementary Bernhard Rupp (2009). Biomolecular Crystallography: Principles, Practice, and Application to Structural Biology 1a ed.. Garland Science
Stephenson F.H. (2012). Cáculo en Biología molecular y Biotecnología. 2a ed. Ed. . Elsevier España.
- Voet, D., Voet, J.G, Pratt, C.W. (2016). Fundamentos de Bioquímica. 4a Ed.. Médica Panamericana
Smith, C. A. y Wood, E. J. (1997). Moléculas biológicas. . Ed. Addison-Wesley Iberoamericana.
TERESE M. BERGFORS (2009). PROTEIN CRYSTALLIZATION 2a ed.. International University Line

Recursos web:

Biomodel: Modelos moleculares en movimiento e interactivos que, junto con texto explicativo, ilustran la estructura tridimensional de las biomoléculas.

Autor: Ángel Herráez Sánchez

Estructura de macromoléculas: Modelo interactivo para profundizar en las estructuras macromoleculares: desde un enlace peptídico hasta una membrana biológica.

Autor: Jesús M. Sanz

Aula Virtual de Biomoléculas: Herramientas para conocer mejor las biomoléculas.

Autor: José Luis Urdiales Ruiz

Cibertexto de Biomoléculas: Un curso completo de la estructura de las biomoléculas (glúcidos, lípidos, proteínas y ácidos nucleicos) con la posibilidad de autoevaluarse.

Autor: Juan Manuel González Mañas

MATERIALES MULTIMEDIA Y BIOMOLÉCULAS:  Material docente para el primer, segundo y tercer ciclo

Autores: Pilar Roca, Jordi Oliver y Sergio Rodríguez


Enlaces: Colección de enlaces sobre Bioquímica y Biología Molecular en español y otros idiomas en el mundo.

Recopilador: Ángel Herráez Sánchez

Outros materiais de apoio:

Materiales disponibles en la página web de la asignatura.

CD-Rom: BioROM 2011 Ayudas al aprendizaje de la Bioquímica, Biotecnología y Biología Molecular


Recommendations
Subjects that it is recommended to have taken before
Chemistry: Equilibrium and Change/610G04008
Fundamentals of Mathematics/610G04001
Cell Biology/610G04003
Chemistry: Structure and Bonding/610G04005
Integrated Basic Laboratory/610G04004

Subjects that are recommended to be taken simultaneously
Thermodynamics: Equilibrium and Phases/610G04018
Instrumental Analysis/610G04014
Spectroscopy/610G04017

Subjects that continue the syllabus
Kinetic and Catalysis/610G04026
Fundamentals of Biotechnology/610G04029
Molecular and Metabolic Biochemistry/610G04023

Other comments
Green Campus Science Faculty Program
To contribute to achieving a sustainable environment immediately and to comply with point 6 of the "Environmental Declaration of the Faculty of Sciences (2020)", the documentary work carried out in this area will be requested in virtual format and computer support.


(*)The teaching guide is the document in which the URV publishes the information about all its courses. It is a public document and cannot be modified. Only in exceptional cases can it be revised by the competent agent or duly revised so that it is in line with current legislation.