Identifying Data 2020/21
Subject (*) Statistical Methods and Introduction to Econometrics Code 611G01019
Study programme
Grao en Economía
Descriptors Cycle Period Year Type Credits
Graduate 2nd four-month period
Second Obligatory 6
Language
Galician
English
Teaching method Face-to-face
Prerequisites
Department Economía
Coordinador
Martinez Filgueira, Xose Manuel
E-mail
xose.martinez@udc.es
Lecturers
Martinez Filgueira, Xose Manuel
Mourelle Espasandin, Estefania
E-mail
xose.martinez@udc.es
estefania.mourelle@udc.es
Web
General description Esta materia é a continuación das materias Estatística I e Estatística II, e dedícase a presentar os principais métodos para o tratamento e análise estatística de calquera tipo de información económica, numérica ou cualitativa, temporal ou de sección cruzada, así como a introdución ao estudo da Econometría, destacando a utilidade dos instrumentos que achega e as súas aplicacións na ciencia económica; os alumnos deben afacerse ao uso da terminoloxía econométrica.

Contingency plan 1. Modificacions nos contidos
Non se realizarán cambios

2. Metodoloxías
*Metodoloxías docentes que se manteñen
Todas, pero adaptando as que sexa necesario á docencia online, segundo se indica no seguinte parágrafo.

*Metodologías docentes que se modifican
A sesión maxistral adaptarase á docencia non presencial, sustituindo as clases na aula por clases online impartidas mediante Teams,e gravadas para o seu acceso asíncrono.

3. Mecanismos de atención persoalizada ao alumnado
Para a atención persoalizada empregaranse Microsoft Teams (2 veces por semana), Moodle e o correo electrónico (de forma asíncrona).

4. Modificacions na avaliación
Mantéñense as mesmas que aparecen na guia docente, pero realizarase a súa adaptación á avaliación online.
Nos obradoiros e na proba mixta poderían combinarse resolución de exercicios escritos con resolucións orais.

*Observacións de avaliación:
Na segunda oportunidade manteranse os mesmos criterios que se empregan para a 1ª oportunidade e que se resumen en 50% de avaliación continua e 50% de exame.

5. Modificacións da bibliografía ou webgrafía
Non se realizarán cambios. Xa dispoñen de todos os materiais de traballo dixitalizados, xa sexa en Moodle ou na web da materia.

Study programme competencies
Code Study programme competences
A1 CE1- Contribuír á boa xestión da asignación de recursos tanto no ámbito privado como no público.
A2 CE2-Identificar e anticipar problemas económicos relevantes en relación coa asignación de recursos en xeral, tanto no ámbito privado como no público.
A3 CE3-Aportar racionalidade á análise e á descripción de calquera aspecto da realidade económica.
A4 CE4-Avaliar consecuencias e distintas alternativas de acción e seleccionar as mellores, dados os obxectivos.
A5 CE5-Emitir informes de asesoramento sobre situación concretas da economía (internacional, nacional ou rexional) ou de sectores da mesma.
A7 CE7-Identificar as fontes de información económica relevante e o seu contido.
A9 CE9-Derivar dos datos información relevante imposible de recoñecer por non profesionais.
A10 CE10-Usar habitualmente a tecnoloxía da información e as comunicación en todo a seu desempeño profesional.
A11 CE11Leer e comunicarse no ámbito profesional en máis dun idioma, en especial en inglés.
A12 CE12-Aplicar á análise dos problemas criterios profesionais baseados no manexo de instrumentos técnicos.
A13 CE13-Comunicarse con fluidez no seu contorno e traballar en equipo.
B1 CB1 - Que os estudantes demostren posuir e comprender coñecementos nun área de estudo que parte da base da educación secundaria xeral, e que soe encontrar nun nivel que, ainda que se apoia en libros de texto avanzados, inclue tamén algúns aspectos que implican coñecementos procedentes da vangarda do seu campo de estudo.
B2 CB2 - Que os estudantes saiban aplicar os seus coñecementos ó seu traballo ou vocación dun xeito profesional e posúan as competencias que se demostran por medio da elaboración e defensa de argumentos e a resolución de problemas dentro da su entorna de traballo.
B3 CB3 - Que os estudantes teñan a capacidade de reunir e interpretar datos relevantes (normalmente dentro da su área de estudo) para emitir xuizos que inclúan unha reflexión sobre temas relevantes de índole social, científica ou ética
B4 CB4 - Que os estudantes poidan transmitir información, ideas, problemas e solucións a un público tanto especializado como non especializado
B5 CB5 - Que os estudantes desenvolvesen aquelas habilidades de aprendizaxe necesarias para emprender estudos posteriores cun alto grao de autonomía
B6 CG1- Que os estudantes formados se convertan en profesionais capaces de analizar, reflexionar e intervir sobre os diferentes elementos que constitúen un sistema económico
B7 CG2 - Que os estudantes coñezan o funcionamento e as consecuencias dos sistemas económicos, as distintas alternativas de asignación de recursos, acumulación de riqueza e distribución da renda e estean en condicións de contribuír ao seu bo funcionamento e mellora
B8 CG3 -Que os estudantes sexan capaces de identificar e anticipar os problemas económicos relevantes, identificar alternativas de resolución, seleccionar as máis axeitadas e avaliar os resultados aos que conduce.
B9 CG4 -Que os estudantes respecten os dereitos fundamentais e de igualdade de oportunidades, non discriminación e accesibilidade universal das persoas con minusvalidez.
C1 CT1-Expresarse correctamente, tanto de forma oral coma escrita, nas linguas oficiais da comunidade autónoma.
C3 Utilizar as ferramentas básicas das tecnoloxías da información e as comunicacións (TIC) necesarias para o exercicio da súa profesión e para a aprendizaxe ao longo da súa vida.
C4 CT2-Desenvolverse para o exercicio dunha cidadanía aberta, culta, crítica, comprometida, democrática e solidaria, capaz de analizar a realidade, diagnosticar problemas, formular e implantar solucións baseadas no coñecemento e orientadas ao ben común.
C5 CT3-Entender a importancia da cultura emprendedora e coñecer os medios ao alcance das persoas emprendedoras.
C6 CT4-Valorar criticamente o coñecemento, a tecnoloxía e a información dispoñible para resolver os problemas cos que deben enfrontarse.
C7 CT5-Asumir como profesional e cidadán a importancia da aprendizaxe ao longo da vida.
C8 CT6-Valorar a importancia que ten a investigación, a innovación e o desenvolvemento tecnolóxico no avance socioeconómico e cultural da sociedade.

Learning aims
Learning outcomes Study programme competences
To learn and to manage some of the main statistical methods for dealing with and analyzing any type of economic information, both numerical and qualitative, both time series and cross-section. A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A7
A9
A10
A12
A13
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
C1
C4
C6
C7
C8
To know and to correctly and accurately use the econometric terminology and language. A1
A3
A4
A5
A7
A12
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
C1
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
To estimate and to interpret the parameters of the classical linear regression model. To understand how the model behaves and the situations where it should be applied. A3
A4
A5
A7
A9
A10
A12
A13
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
C1
C4
C6
C7
C8
To use the appropriate computer tools for carrying out the calculations and estimating the aforementioned models, both in the part related to Statistical Methods and in the Introduction to Econometrics part. A9
A10
A11
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
C3
C6
C8

Contents
Topic Sub-topic
1) Quantitative data analysis - Preparing data.
- Preliminar analysis for statistical and econometric methods: Graphs and measures.
- Measures of concentration.
2) Qualitative data analysis - Preliminar analysis with qualitative variables: Graphs and tables.
- Independence tests.
- Measures of association for nominal and ordinal variables.
- Statistical methods for qualitative variables.
3) Econometrics and econometric models - Defining Econometrics.
- Econometric models and their elements.
- Types of models.
4) The classical linear regression model - One-equation linear regression model.
- Model estimation by Ordinary Least Squares.
- Interpretation of the estimators and inference.
- Goodness-of-fit. Measures.
5) Analysis Of Variance - General concepts.
- One factor: Fixed effects and completely random information.
- Two factors: Fixed effects and completely random information.
6) Time series modelling - Stochastic processes: Definition, general characteristics and examples.
- Time series: Decomposition.
- Time series: Introduction to ARIMA models.

Planning
Methodologies / tests Competencies Ordinary class hours Student’s personal work hours Total hours
Introductory activities A1 A2 A7 A11 B9 B8 C5 1 0 1
Guest lecture / keynote speech A2 A3 A4 A7 A12 C4 17 34 51
Workshop A7 A10 B1 6 15 21
ICT practicals A10 A12 C3 C6 C8 4 10 14
Collaborative learning A5 A13 B2 4 10 14
Problem solving A9 B3 C7 6 15 21
Supervised projects A3 A4 A5 A7 A9 A10 A12 A13 C1 C3 C6 C7 C8 4 12 16
Mixed objective/subjective test A4 A5 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 2 6 8
 
Personalized attention 4 0 4
 
(*)The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students.

Methodologies
Methodologies Description
Introductory activities The classes will start with an introduction to the subject; by means of this activity, the work to be carried out by the student will be explained in detail, as well as the assessment criteria.
Guest lecture / keynote speech Lesson given by the lecturer that may have different formats (theory, problems and/or general examples, general guidelines of the subject, etc.). The lecturer might use audiovisual and computer means. In addition, s/he can introduce some questions posed to the students. The objective is to introduce the student into the concepts of the subject, in order to transmit the knowledge base that the student needs to start his/her work and his/her learning.
Workshop The main objective in these classes will be the realization of especially practical tasks, with the lecturer's support and supervision: proposal and solution of applications from the theory, proposal and supervision of works, problems, exercises, presentations, expositions, debates and comments on works, solving doubts about the theory, etc. It is also possible that the lecturer explains some concepts, especially for clarifying their application, or in any case as a mere comment about the keynote speech.
Evaluation activities will be carried out during these classes; these activities will be individual or group exercises.
ICT practicals The main objective in these classes will be the development of especially practical tasks, with the lecturer's support and supervision. The computer is employed in these classes, which are reserved for lessons or concepts where the intensity of the calculations needs the computer tool. In addition, the students are introduced into the work with Statistics and Econometrics by using computer means.
Collaborative learning Work in groups of students in order to solve the tasks assigned by the teacher to optimize their own learning and that of the rest of classmates. Before handling the work in groups, several classes will be dedicated to pose the doubts and/or difficulties found when doing the work. In this manner, a debate is created among the students, their classmates and the lecturer, what encourages the interrelation in the work and the critical spirit.
Students will carry out group works so as to solve different theoretical-practical questions related to lessons of the syllabus; at the end, the group should present its work, with different possibilities regarding its presentation (oral or written); the election of the method will depend on the evolution of the teaching.
Problem solving Personalized attention to the student in order to solve doubts related to the different lessons, not only when solving exercises but at any stage of the learning process.
Supervised projects In combination with collaborative learning and under lecturer supervision, the student will carry out works in groups focussed on the learning of "how to do things". It is an option based on the assumption that the students care about their own learning.
This teaching method is based on two basic elements: independent learning (students) and monitoring of that learning (lecturer-supervisor).
The lecturer will develop the monitoring of this learning with the aim of assessing the acquisition of the knowledge defined for this category.
Mixed objective/subjective test A mixed test will be carried out, which will correspond to the final exam. As this test is considered essential for the evaluation, it is necessary to obtain a minimum percentage of the total mark in order to compute (incorporate) the remaining evaluation activities.
As an alternative to this mixed test and with the aim of promoting the continued work by the student, the lecturer will propose intermediate mixed tests along the teaching period. Passing all these intermediate tests is equivalent to pass the final test.

Personalized attention
Methodologies
Problem solving
ICT practicals
Workshop
Mixed objective/subjective test
Description
It involves the time the teacher takes in order to address and solve questions and doubts from the students, both in individual and (small) group manner. It consists of:
- Solution of particular questions coming from the students as a result of the explanation and understanding of the theoretical concepts or their practical application.
- Adaptation of the teaching of computer tools to the specific characteristics and needs of the students.



Assessment
Methodologies Competencies Description Qualification
Workshop A7 A10 B1 The main objective in these classes will be the realization of especially practical tasks, with the lecturer's support and supervision: proposal and solution of applications from the theory, proposal and supervision of works, problems, exercises, presentations, expositions, debates and comments on works, solving doubts about the theory, etc. It is also possible that the lecturer explains some concepts, especially for clarifying their application, or in any case as a mere comment about the keynote speech.
Evaluation activities will be carried out during these classes; these activities will be individual or group exercises.
20
Mixed objective/subjective test A4 A5 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 A mixed test will be carried out, which will correspond to the final exam. As this test is considered essential for the evaluation, it is necessary to obtain a minimum percentage of the total mark in order to compute (incorporate) the remaining evaluation activities.
As an alternative to this mixed test and with the aim of promoting the continued work by the student, the lecturer will propose intermediate mixed tests along the teaching period. Passing all these intermediate tests will be equivalent to pass the final test.
50
Supervised projects A3 A4 A5 A7 A9 A10 A12 A13 C1 C3 C6 C7 C8 In combination with collaborative learning and under lecturer supervision, the student will carry out one or several works in groups (in case of being more than one, at least one will be in groups, allowing for the possibility of individual works) focussed on the learning of "how to do things". It is an option based on the assumption that the students care about their own learning. This teaching method is based on two basic elements: independent learning (students) and monitoring of that learning (lecturer-supervisor).
The lecturer will develop the monitoring of this learning with the aim of assessing the acquisition of the knowledge defined for this category.
30
 
Assessment comments

As the mixed test is considered essential for the evaluation, it will be necessary to obtain a minimum percentage of the total mark in order to compute (incorporate) the remaining evaluation activities.

These evaluation criteria apply to both the first and the second opportunity. The same criteria are applied to part-time students. In any case, these students should contact the coordinator of the subject so as to keep him informed of the situation.

In case of students opting for the early call opportunity, the evaluation system will be the same as stated in the scheme above. In this case, workshop activities and supervised projects should take place at least 21 days before the scheduled date for the early call opportunity. 

The order of the lessons considered in this guide might be modified when explained during the classes, as a result of the teaching needs that might arise. 

Some general remarks regarding the evaluation, in line with the remaining teaching guides:

- "Absent" mark. It corresponds to the student that only takes part in evaluation activities whose total weight is lower than 20% of the final mark, regardless of the mark they had obtained.

- Second opportunity and early call opportunity. The assessment criteria are the same for all the evaluation opportunities. With respect to the early call opportunity, workshop activities and supervised projects should take place at least 21 days before the scheduled date for the early call. 

- Part-time and exemption-from-attendance students. It is recommended to contact the coordinator of the subject so as to keep him informed of the situation and try to adapt the evaluation system. 

- Evaluation conditions. It is prohibited to enter the classroom where the evaluation activities take place with any device that allows for communication with the outside and/or information storage. 

- Student identification. The student must give proof of identity, according to the existing regulation.


Sources of information
Basic Ruiz-Maya, L., Martín Pliego, F. J., Montero, J. M., y Uriz, P. (1995). Análisis estadístico de encuestas: datos cualitativos. AC
Gujarati, D.M. (2003). Basic Econometrics. Mc Graw-Hill
Uriel, E., Contreras, I., Moltó, T. y Peiró, A. (1990). Econometría. El modelo lineal. AC
Casas, J.M., Domínguez, J., García, C., Martos, E.I., Rivera, L.F., y Zamora, A.I. (2010). Estadística para las Ciencias Sociales . Centro de Estudios Ramón Areces
Ezequiel, J. U. (2019). Introducción a la econometría. . https://www.uv.es/uriel/libroes.htm
Uriel, E. y Peiró, A. (2000). Introducción al Análisis de Series Temporales. AC
Aparicio, J., Martinez, M., & Morales, J. (2004). Modelos lineales aplicados en R (http://umh3067.edu.umh.es). Universidad Miguel Hernandez. Dto. Estadística, Matemáticas e Informática
Newbold, P., Carlson, W. and Thorne, B. (2012). Statistics for business and economics, 8/E.. Pearson: Boston.

The book Aparicio J. et al. (2004) can be downloaded from http://umh3067.edu.umh.es

Complementary Esteban, M. V., Moral, M. P., Orbe, S., Regúlez, M., Zarraga, A., & Zubia, M. (2008). Econometría Básica Aplicada con GRETL (https://addi.ehu.es/bitstream/handle/10810/12496/08-09est.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y). Sarriko On, Universidad del País Vasco
Newbold, P. (1997). Estadística para los Negocios y la Economía. Prentice Hall
Wooldridge, J. (2005). Introducción a la Econometría. Un enfoque moderno. Thomson
Stock, J.H. & Watson, M.W (2011). Introduction to Econometrics. Pearson
Gujarati, D. (2006). Principios de Econometría. McGraw-Hill
Wickham, H., & Grolemund, G. (2016). R for data science: import, tidy, transform,visualize, and model data (https://r4ds.had.co.nz/). O'Reilly Media, Inc
Heiss, F. (2016). Using R for Introductory Econometrics. Florian Heiss (http://www.urfie.net/read/index.html)

The book Heiss, F. (2016). Using R for Introductory Econometrics. Florian Heiss carries out the exercises of Wooldrige's using R, and can be consulted online in: http://www.urfie.net/read/index.html

The book Wickham, H., & Grolemund, G. (2016) is located in https://r4ds.had.co.nz/, and the book Esteban, M.V. et al (2008) is in https://addi.ehu.es/bitstream/handle/10810/12496/08-09est.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)



Recommendations
Subjects that it is recommended to have taken before
Statistics I/611G01006
Mathematics I/611G01009
Mathematics II/611G01010
Statistics II/611G01014

Subjects that are recommended to be taken simultaneously

Subjects that continue the syllabus
Econometrics I/611G01022
Econometrics II/611G01027

Other comments

ENGLISH GROUP

Group A of this subject will be entirely taught in English.

PREREQUISITES

This subject continues the previous ones on Statistics. It is highly recommended to be familiar with the contents related to the first part of the subject. In order to complete Introduction to Econometrics, previous knowledge on economic theory, Statistics and Mathematics are required. In addition, as the econometric applications use data, it becomes important to know the structure and contents of the main statistical sources. 

TEACHING MATERIAL

The main teaching material will be available from the Moodle virtual platform, or would be accessible from there. 

A sustainable use of the resources should be done, as well as try to prevent negative impacts on the natural environment. 



(*)The teaching guide is the document in which the URV publishes the information about all its courses. It is a public document and cannot be modified. Only in exceptional cases can it be revised by the competent agent or duly revised so that it is in line with current legislation.