1. Introduction to Thermodynamics
|
Applications of Thermodynamics. Continuum medium. Basic concepts: system, surroundings, state, thermodynamical property, equilibrium. Characterization and measurement of primitive properties: pressure, volume, temperature. Temperature scale. Gas thermometer. |
2. Work, energy and the 1st law of Thermodynamics (conservation of energy) |
Review of mechanical concepts of energy. Examples: energy balance. Concept of work. Electric work. Examples. Cuasi-equilibrium processes and work. Heat iteration. Examples of heat and work. Internal energy and total energy. Conservation of energy. Heat transfer at constant pressure and volume. Enthalpy. Internal energy and enthalpy of ideal gasses and compressible flows. Tables of ideal gasses. |
4. Conservation of energy and 1st law of Thermodynamics |
Vapor turbines, hydraulic turbines, compressors, nozzles, heat exchangers. Concept of control volume (open system). Conservation of mass. Examples. Conservation of energy and input/output works. Conservation of mass and energy applied to thermal machines. Steady and transient states. Filling and emptying of tanks. |
6. Entropy |
Analogy between work-pressure and heat-temperature in reversible process. Entropy as thermodynamic property. Thermodynamic equations related to entropy. Equations for ideal gasses. Tables of properties for pure simple compressible substances. (T, s) and (h, s) diagrams. Generation of entropy in irreversible processes. Generation and transfer of entropy. Open system. Application to thermal machines. Efficiency in thermal machines: compressors, pumps, turbines, nozzles. Applications. |