Teaching GuideTerm
Faculty of Science
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Grao en Bioloxía
 Subjects
  Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
   Contents
Topic Sub-topic

1.-Basal Transcription

RNA polymerases, core promoter and general transcription factors.Transcription mechanism: initiation, elongation and termination. Methodology to study: transcription start site selection, transcriptional termination and interactions nucleic acids-proteins.

2.-Regulated transcription and chromatin involvement in transcriptional regulation

Activators and repressors. DNA binding domains: DNA-proteins interactions. Chromatin remodeling complexes. Acetilation, deacetilation and other histones modifications in the regulation of gene expression. Techniques to study transcriptional regulation. Regulation examples of specific genes

3.-RNA processing and coordination of co-transcriptional events in eukaryotes

RNA cleavage and polyadenylation. RNA splicing. Processing of ribosomic and transferent RNA

4.-RNA as regulator of gene expression

RNA edition. Control of mRNA quality. Function of snRNA and transcriptional regulation. sncRNAs and the gene silencing mechanism. Antisense RNA in the translational regulation and applications of RNA. RNomics aspects

5.-Protein Translation

General aspects. Ribosomes. Translation mechanism: Initiation, elongation and termination. Differences in eukaryotes. Translation in mitochondria. Translational inhibitors.
6.-Protein Processing Postranslational modifications of proteins. Folding: Chaperones and Prions. Ubiquitination and SUMOilation. Programed degradation: Proteasome

7.-Protein Transport

Cotranslational and postranslational translocation. Classification and distribution of new synthesized proteins. Traffic nucleo-cytoplasm. Transport regulation and final destiny of proteins in the cell.
8.-Basics of Cell Signaling
Classification of intercellular communication. Stages of intracellular signaling. Organization of signaling and pathways. Signaling molecules: types and functions.
9.- Reception of external signals and intracellular transduction Membrane and intracellular receptors: types and mechanisms of activation. Intercellular Messenger substances or Second Messengers, protein kinase cascades and signal transduction to nucleus.
10.- Examples of control mechanisms and coordination of cell physiological activities Cell Growth and Proliferation: regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis and cancer. Cell Senescence Signaling.
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